Ever wonder why a pair of pea‑sized glands tucked behind your thyroid matter so much? They’re the body’s calcium managers. If they slip up, you can feel bone pain, muscle cramps, or weird fatigue. This page breaks down what the parathyroids do, how problems show up, and what you can actually do about them.
The parathyroids pump out parathyroid hormone (PTH) whenever blood calcium drops. PTH tells your bones to release stored calcium, nudges kidneys to keep more of it, and signals the gut to absorb extra from food. Think of it as a thermostat that keeps calcium just right for nerves, muscles, and heart rhythm.
When calcium is high, the glands calm down and produce less PTH. This feedback loop happens 24/7 without you noticing—until something disrupts it. Blood tests that measure PTH and calcium levels are the easiest way doctors spot an imbalance.
Hyperparathyroidism is when the glands produce too much PTH, usually because of a benign tumor. Too much calcium can lead to kidney stones, bone thinning, or mood swings. Doctors often start with blood work, then an ultrasound or scan to locate the overactive gland. Surgery to remove the problematic tissue cures most cases, and newer minimally invasive techniques mean a short recovery.
Hypoparathyroidism is the opposite—your glands don’t make enough PTH. Low calcium can cause tingling fingers, muscle spasms, or seizures in severe cases. Treatment focuses on calcium supplements and active vitamin D (calcitriol) to boost absorption. Regular monitoring keeps levels steady and prevents long‑term complications.
Besides surgery or meds, lifestyle tweaks help. Eat calcium‑rich foods like dairy, leafy greens, and fortified alternatives, but avoid excessive caffeine or high‑phosphate drinks that can pull calcium out of your system. Staying hydrated reduces kidney stone risk if you have high calcium.
If you’ve been diagnosed with a parathyroid issue, ask your doctor about bone density tests and kidney function checks—they’re part of the routine follow‑up. Most people lead normal lives once the condition is under control.
Bottom line: tiny glands, big impact. Knowing the signs—bone pain, frequent urination, unexplained fatigue—and getting simple blood tests can catch problems early. Whether it’s surgery, supplements, or a few diet tweaks, there are clear paths to keep your calcium balanced and feel better fast.